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EXPLORE 

Find the latest press releases, and resources along with links to peer-reviewed research and educational materials. This section offers key information you need to stay informed about Vitara, prematurity care, and the science driving our innovation.

Premature Birth at a Glance

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A Global Challenge

The World Health Organization estimates that 1 in 10 babies are born prematurely each year. Premature birth is not a rare event—it’s a global crisis affecting millions of families across every region of the world.

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A Growing Impact

Beyond the human cost, prematurity brings significant economic strain, totaling an estimated $26 billion annually in the United States alone. This cost doesn’t cover lifelong disabilities and years of productivity for caregivers.

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What is Prematurity?

A baby is considered preterm if born before 37 weeks of gestation. Within this category, outcomes can vary dramatically based on how early the baby arrives, making precise definitions critical for care.

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Degrees of Prematurity

  • Extremely preterm: Less than 28 weeks

  • Very preterm: 28 to 32 weeks

  • Moderate-to-late preterm: 32 to 37 weeks

Press 

Vitara Biomedical Secures $50 Million in New Funding and Appoints Kim Rodriguez as CEO

Nov 19, 2024 - Vitara Biomedical closed a $50 million Series B financing led by Sands Capital with participation from GV (Google Ventures), First Spark Ventures, Flerie, and Khosla Ventures. The funding will advance the company’s breakthrough neonatal technology toward its first-in-human clinical study. The company also announced Kim Rodriguez as Chief Executive Officer, bringing over 25 years of leadership experience in global healthcare and medical devices.

Vitara Reference Publications

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Nature Communications

April 2017

 

An extra-urterine system to physiologically support the extreme premature lamb.

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Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology

April 2019

 

Fetal echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular impact of prolonged support on EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system.

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Prenatal Diagnosis

September 2020

 

Artificial placenta and womb technology: Past, current, and future challenges towards clinical translation.

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Recreating the Womb: New Hope for Premature Babies

April 2017

 

Video: A Unique Womb-Like Device Could Reduce Mortality and Disability for Extremely Premature Babies.

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Journal of Physiology

May 2018

Umbilical cannulation optimizes circuit flows in premature lambs supported by the EXTra‐uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND).

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Journal of Pediatric Surgery

August 2018

 

Pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A novel mode of respiratory support in a lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

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Journal of Pediatric Surgery

October 2020

 

Neurologic outcomes of the premature lamb in an extrauterine environment for neonatal development.

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Cellular & Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

2020

 

The EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development Supports Normal Intestinal Maturation and Development.

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Article Archive

Chronic intrauterine hypoxia alters neurodevelopment in fetal sheep

Lawrence KM, McGovern PE, Mejaddam A, Rossidis AC, Baumgarten H, Kim A, Grinspan JB, Licht DJ, Didier RA, Vossough A, Radaelli E, Rychik J, Song L, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW

August, 2025

A fetal wound healing program after intrauterine bile duct injury may contribute to biliary atresia

de Jong IEM, Hunt ML, Chen D, Du Y, Llewellyn J, Gupta K, Li D, Erxleben D, Rivas F, Hall AR, Furth EE, Naji A, Liu C, Dhand A, Burdick JA, Davey MG, Flake AW, Porte RJ, Russo PA, Gaynor JW, Wells RG.

August, 2025

Evaluation of Gas Exchange and Hemocompatibility of an Experimental Oxygenator at Anticipated Human Fetal Flow Rates in Fetal Lambs Using a Dual Oxygenator Platform in the EXTra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) System

Kosaka, S.; Wangmo, U.; Butt, Z.; Dave, A.; Hayes, K.B.; Choudhry, A.M.; Khan, S.A.; Ngo, M.; Weisman, H.R.; White, R.S.; Varela, M.F.; Herrera Cruz, D.C.; Crompton, D.; Davey, M.G.; Flake, A.W.

July, 2025

Unique model of chronic hypoxia in fetal lambs demonstrates abnormal contrast-enhanced ultrasound brain perfusion

Agarwal D, Hunt ML, Sridharan A, Larson AC, Rychik J, Licht DJ, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW, Didier RA.

June, 2025

Experimental Impact of Increasing Circuit Resistance in the Artificial Womb

Haiyan Cao, Marcus G. Davey, Kathleen Young, Zhiyun Tian, Seitaro Kosaka, Maria F. Varela, Alan W. Flake, Jack Rychik

April, 2025

Chronic Hypoxia in an EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development Impairs Lung Development

Maureen Peers de Nieuwburgh 1 2 3, Mallory Hunt 4, Prashant Chandrasekaran 3, Tiffany L Vincent 5, Kevin B Hayes 1, Isabel R Randazzo 1, Meredith Gunder 1, Felix R De Bie 1, Arthur Colson 6 7, Minqi Lu 3, Hongbo Wen 3, Sylvia N Michki 3 5, Jack Rychik 3, Fréderic Debiève 6 7, Jeremy Katzen 8, Lisa R Young 5, Marcus G Davey 9, Alan W Flake 1, J William Gaynor 2, David B Frank 3

April, 2025

Assessment of extremely premature lambs supported by the Extrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND)

Peers de Nieuwburgh M, Dave A, Khan SA, Ngo M, Hayes KB, Slipenchuk M, Lieberman E, Youssef MR, Crompton D, Choudhry AM, Guo N, Tian Z, Rychik J, Davey MG, Flake AW

December, 2024

Extrauterine support of pre-term lambs achieves similar transcriptomic profiling to late pre-term lamb brains

Cohen JL, De Bie F, Viaene AN, O'Grady N, Rentas S, Coons B, Moon JK, Monson EE, Myers RA, Kalish JM, Flake AW

November, 2024

The artificial placenta and EXTEND technologies: one of these things is not like the other

Flake AW, De Bie FR, Munson DA, Feudtner C.

November, 2023

The Ethics of Ectogestative Technology-Telling Science from Science Fiction-Reply

Feudtner C, De Bie FR, Flake AW

October, 2023

Life Support System for the Fetonate and the Ethics of Speculation

De Bie FR, Flake AW, Feudtner C.

June, 2023

Ethics Considerations Regarding Artificial Womb Technology for the Fetonate

De Bie FR, Kim SD, Bose SK, Nathanson P, Partridge EA, Flake AW, Feudtner C.

May, 2023

Radiographic and histologic characterisation of white matter injury in a sheep model of CHD

Lawrence KM, Radaelli E, McGovern PE, Licht DJ, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW, Vossough A.

March, 2023

Chronic hypoxemia induces mitochondrial respiratory complex gene expression in the fetal sheep brain

Moon JK, Lawrence KM, Hunt ML, Davey MG, Flake AW, Licht DJ, Chen JM, Kilbaugh TJ, Gaynor JW, Beiting DP.

May, 2022

The EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development: Present and Future

Larson AC, De Bie FR, Chang J, Davey MG, Flake AW

May, 2022

Chronic foetal hypoxaemia does not cause elevation of serum markers of brain injury

Omann C, Lawrence KM, Hunt ML, Moon JK, Buchanan J, Licht DJ, Ittenbach RF, McGovern P, Chen JM, Davey M, Hjortdal VE, Flake AW, Gaynor JW.

May, 2022

A supportive physiologic environment for the extreme premature infant: Improving life outside the womb

Flake AW

February, 2022

Evaluation of umbilical venous flow volume measured using ultrasound compared to circuit flow volume in the EXTra-uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system in fetal sheep

Ozawa K, Davey MG, Tian Z, Hornick MA, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Flake AW, Rychik J.

December, 2021

Contrast-Enhanced Brain Ultrasound Perfusion Metrics in the EXTra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND): Correlation With Hemodynamic Parameters

Lawrence KM, Coons BE, Sridharan A, Davey MG, Flake AW, Didier RA

December, 2021

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sildenafil in fetal lambs on extracorporeal support

De Bie FR, Russo FM, Van Brantegem P, Coons BE, Moon JK, Yang Z, Pang C, Senra JC, Omann C, Annaert P, Allegaert K, Davey MG, Flake AW, Deprest J.

November, 2021

Fetoscopic insufflation modeled in the extrauterine environment for neonatal development (EXTEND): Fetoscopic insufflation is safe for the fetus

Coons BE, Lawrence KM, Didier R, Sridharan A, Moon JK, Rossidis AC, Baumgarten HD, Kim AG, Mejaddam AY, Ozawa K, De Bie F, Davey M, Flake AW.

January, 2021

Artificial placenta and womb technology: Past, current, and future challenges towards clinical translation

De Bie FR, Davey MG, Larson AC, Deprest J, Flake AW.

January, 2021

Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the brain on twin fetal lambs maintained by the extrauterine environment for neonatal development (EXTEND): initial experience

Sridharan A, Lawrence KM, Martin-Saavedra JS, Davey MG, Flake AW, Didier RA

January, 2021

Neurologic outcomes of the premature lamb in an extrauterine environment for neonatal development

McGovern PE, Hornick MA, Mejaddam AY, Lawrence K, Schupper AJ, Rossidis AC, Baumgarten H, Vossough A, Didier RA, Kim A, Partridge EA, Hwang G, Young K, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW.

October, 2020

A Rabbit Model for Optimization of Amniotic Fluid Components in the EXTrauterine Environment for Newborn Development (EXTEND) System

Baumgarten HD, Hartman HA, Butt Z, Ozawa K, Rossidis AC, Lawrence KM, Kim AG, Davey M, Flake AW

September, 2020

The Effects of Nitric Oxide in Oxygenator Sweep Gas During Extracorporeal Circulation in a Neonatal Ovine Model

Rossidis AC, Lawrence KM, Mejaddam AY, Kim AG, Baumgarten HD, Coons BE, Young K, Monos S, Hwang G, Flake AW, Davey MG

June, 2020

The EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development Supports Normal Intestinal Maturation and Development

Baumgarten HD, Wright CM, Rossidis AC, Lawrence KM, Kim AG, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Orr MN, Coons BE, Butt Z, Li H, Hwang G, Radu A, Brown LJ, Rubenstein RC, Peranteau WH, Davey M, Heuckeroth RO, Flake AW.

May, 2020

Fetal echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular impact of prolonged support on EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system

Ozawa K, Davey MG, Tian Z, Hornick MA, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Flake AW, Rychik J

April, 2020

Ex Utero Extracorporeal Support as a Model for Fetal Hypoxia and Brain Dysmaturity

McGovern PE, Lawrence K, Baumgarten H, Rossidis AC, Mejaddam AY, Licht DJ, Grinspan J, Schupper A, Rychik J, Didier RA, Vossough A, Spray TL, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW

March, 2020

Prenatal hypoxemia alters microglial morphology in fetal sheep

Lawrence KM, McGovern PE, Mejaddam A, Rossidis AC, Baumgarten H, Kim AG, Grinspan JB, Licht DJ, Radaelli E, Rychik J, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW.

January, 2020

Technical feasibility of umbilical cannulation in midgestation lambs supported by the EXTra-uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND)

Hornick MA, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Hwang G, Han J, Peranteau WH, Partridge EA, Davey MG, Flake AW.

December, 2019

Fetal hypoxemia causes abnormal myocardial development in a preterm ex utero fetal ovine model

Lawrence KM, Hennessy-Strahs S, McGovern PE, Mejaddam AY, Rossidis AC, Baumgarten HD, Bansal E, Villeda M, Han J, Gou Z, Zhao S, Rychik J, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW, Gaynor JW, Bartoli CR.

December, 2019

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Extracorporeal Support: In Vitro Studies and Initial Experience and Safety Data in the Extreme Premature Fetal Lamb Maintained by the Extrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development

Didier RA, Sridharan A, Lawrence K, Coleman BG, Davey MG, Flake AW.

August, 2019

Chronically Hypoxic Fetal Lambs Supported by an Extra-Uterine Device Exhibit Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Elevations of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-Alpha

Rossidis AC, Baumgarten HD, Lawrence KM, McGovern PE, Mejaddam AY, Li H, Hwang G, Young K, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Gaynor JW, Flake AW.

June, 2019

Premature Lambs Exhibit Normal Mitochondrial Respiration after Long-Term Extrauterine Support

Rossidis AC, Angelin A, Lawrence KM, Baumgarten HD, Kim AG, Mejaddam AY, Coons BE, Hartman HA, Hwang G, Monos S, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Murdock D, Wallace DC, Flake AW.

March, 2019

Erythropoietin Prevents Anemia and Transfusions in Extremely Premature Lambs Supported by an EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND)

Mejaddam AY, Hornick MA, McGovern PE, Baumgarten HD, Lawrence KM, Rossidis AC, Hwang G, Young K, Abdulmalik O, Partridge EA, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Flake AW.

January, 2019

Pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A novel mode of respiratory support in a lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Partridge EA, Davey MG, Hornick M, Dysart KC, Olive A, Caskey R, Connelly JT, Hedrick HL, Peranteau WH, Flake AW

August, 2018

Umbilical cannulation optimizes circuit flows in premature lambs supported by the EXTra-uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND)

Hornick MA, Davey MG, Partridge EA, Mejaddam AY, McGovern PE, Olive AM, Hwang G, Kim J, Castillo O, Young K, Han J, Zhao S, Connelly JT, Dysart KC, Rychik J, Peranteau WH, Flake AW.

May, 2018

An EXTrauterine environment for neonatal development: EXTENDING fetal physiology beyond the womb

Partridge EA, Davey MG, Hornick MA, Flake AW

December, 2017

An extra-uterine system to physiologically support the extreme premature lamb

Partridge EA, Davey MG, Hornick MA, McGovern PE, Mejaddam AY, Vrecenak JD, Mesas-Burgos C, Olive A, Caskey RC, Weiland TR, Han J, Schupper AJ, Connelly JT, Dysart KC, Rychik J, Hedrick HL, Peranteau WH, Flake AW.

April, 2017

Common Health Challenges

Prematurely born infants are especially vulnerable to serious, long-term health challenges, including chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), vision impairment from retinopathy of prematurity, cerebral palsy, pulmonary hypertension, behavioral and cognitive disorders, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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